Charles w



(No Model.)

3. NM I Tm L Em ZA AG M w WE ..L OE

N0. 487,901. Patented Oct. 7, 1890.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES \V. HAZELTINE, OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI, ASSIGNOR TO HIMSELF AND THE PARKER-RUSSELL MINING AND MANUFACTURING COMPANY,

OF SAME PLACE.

ELECTRIC-ARC LAM P.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 437,901, dated October '7, 1890.

Application filed July 9, 1890. Serial No. 358,130- (No model.)

To all? whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, CHARLES W. HAZEL- TINE, a citizen of the United States, residing at St. Louis, in the State of Missouri, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electric-Arc Lamps, of which the following is such a full, clear, and exact description as will enable any one skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification.

The object of my invention is to prolong the life of carbons in electric-arc lamps.

The invention consists of an arc lamp to which is applied near the are a protective tip or shield to prevent the rapid consumption of carbon, this tip or shield being fed as the opposite carbon wears away, and automatically adjusted by any suitable means, but by preference being fed by the movement of the upper carbon, to which it is by preference applied.

The invention will best be understood by referring to the accompanying drawings, in which t Figure 1 is an elevation of an arc lamp having one form of my invention appliedthereto. Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of the carbons near the are, showing a part of the protective tip or shield in section.

The same figures of reference indicate the same parts in the two views.

I have shown only in the accompanying drawings the outline of an arc lamp, and not represented the mechanism by which the arc is maintained, as my invention is independent of any special mechanism for regulating the arc, and may be applied to any type of are lamp.

5 is the casing of an arc lamp that contains the mechanism which controls the are.

6 is a housing in which the carbon-carrier 7 plays up and down, and S 8 are the framepieces which sustain the lower carbon 9 from the casing 5 of the lamp.

10 is the upper carbon, which is secured to the carbon-carrier 7, before referred to. To

this upper carbon 10, a little above the arcsay one eighth or quarter of an inch-I apply a protective tip or shield 11 of refractory materialsuch as baked clay, porcelain, and the likeor metal that has a perforation therethrough which permits the upper carbon to feed freely through the same as the carbons burn away. In order to keep the protective tip or shield near the arc and receive the resulting beneficial effect, it is necessary in the arrangement shown to feed the same downward to compensate for the burning away of such lower carbon. I preferably feed the protective tip or shield downward by the movement of the upper carbon, and to effect this purpose I secure pulleys 12 12 to said protective tip or shield, over each of which pulleys passes a cord or chain 13. The ends of each of the cords are secured to the carbon-carrier 7, and after being carried over the pulleys l2 12 pass around pulleys 14 14, fixed to any suitable immovable part of the lamp. The other ends of said cords are secured to a bail of the movable pulleys 12. Each of the cords 13 may re turn upon itself three times, and will then make the feed of the protective tip or shield equal to one-third feed of the upper carbon,

In practice the lower carbon burns away about half as fast as the upper carbon when my protective tip is applied thereto. If therefore, for instance, the upper carbon has to feed through two inches to compensate for its own consumption, it must also feed one inch additional to compensate for the cons-umption of the lower carbon. The feed of the upper carbon will thus be three inches in the case supposed. To maintain the protective tip or shield in the same relative position with reference to the are at all times, it is necessary, under the assumption made, that the shield should be fed through one inch while the upper carbon is fed three inches; or, in other words, the feed of the tip orshield should be one-third the feed of the upper carbon. Care should be taken that the tip is not fed faster than the lower carbon burns away, else the tip will in time envelop the are, and thus interfere with the proper functions of the lamp. The tip should be fed, if any thing, a little less than the rate of combustion of the lower carbon in order to havea safe working margin.

By applying this simple expedient to an arc lamp I have found by actual practice that the consumption of carbonsis decreased fully and even more than one-half, thus making carbons burn twice as long as they ordinarily would Without in anyway decreasing their candle-power. With this protective shield applied to an ordinary single-arc lamp it can be made to burn the entire night through, or as long as a double-carbon lamp of the usual construction. I am unable to account for this saving of carbon, nor do I wish to limit my invention to any supposed theory of operation by which this result is attained. 'The protective shield or tip may possibly prevent the carrying away of any unconsumed carbon particles and their consequent dissipation and loss in the air, but may, on the other hand, operate to concentrate such carbon particles upon the arc and secure their complete combustion. The results here given have been reached in actual practice after repeated trials of many hours and days duration.

I do not wish to confine myself to pulleys or cords for feeding the protective tip or shield as the upper carbon is fed. Neither do I wish to limit my invention to feeding the tip or shield by the movement of the upper carbon, nor to making the tip or shield of any particular material. Nor do I wish to con fine my invention to any number of pulleys, or to any exact proportion that the feed of the protective tip should bear to the feed of the upper carbon, the proportions herein given being only set forth to fully explain the invention.

It does not deviate from my invention if a protective tip be used on both carbons in stead of one carbon, as this would be but a mere duplication of parts.

My invention can be applied to any existing arc lamp and does not necessitate any. change whatever in the mechanism of the lamp in applying it.

I may incidentally mention that the protective shield when applied to the upper carbon also acts to prevent radiation of light into the upper atmosphere above the arc, and therefore serves, in efiect, as a reflector for the light of the arc, difiusing it in all directions where needed. When such a protective tip is used, it causes the arc to spread out and lose its defined limits, and thus makes the light softer and more agreeable to the eyes.

Having fully set forth my invention, what I desire to claim as new, and secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is-

1. An arc lamp having a suitable protective tip or shield applied to such lamp near the arc, and regulating mechanism for adjusting the tip to the are as the carbons are consumed, for the purpose described.

2. An arc lamp having a protective tip of infusible material applied to one of the car-- bons near the arc thereof, and regulating mechanism for feeding the protective tip as the carbons burn away, for the purpose described.

3. An electric-arc lamp having a protective tip or shield of suitable material applied near the arc, and regulating mechanism controlled by the movements of the upper carbon for adjusting the tip to the are, for the purpose described. I

4. An electric-arc lamp havinga protective tip of infusible material applied to the upper carbon near the are, through which protective tip the upper carbon may feed freely, and cords or chains and pulleys for sustaining said protective tip and feeding it by the movement of the upper carbon, for the purpose described.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and affixed my seal, this 5th day of July, 1890,in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

CHARLES W. HAZELTINE. [L.S.]

Witnesses:

W. B. HAZELTINE, J r., D. R. RUSSELL. 

